Blockchain networks explained

A network (or chain) is the blockchain where a transaction actually happens. Choosing the wrong one is one of the most common and most expensive beginner mistakes. This page explains the main networks, how they differ and how to recognize their addresses.

Layer 1 vs. Layer 2

Layer 1

Base blockchains

Independent blockchains with their own validators or miners and their own native coin. Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Tron and TON are all layer 1s.

Layer 2

Scaling networks

Networks that process transactions off the main chain and then post the results back to it, inheriting much of its security. Examples include Arbitrum, Base, OP Mainnet and Lightning.

EVM-compatible

Ethereum-style chains

Chains that run the Ethereum Virtual Machine. They share the same 0x… address format, so one MetaMask address works on all of them.

Same address ≠ same network. An address like 0x… is valid on Ethereum, BNB Chain, Arbitrum, Base, Polygon and many others. If you send USDT on BNB Chain to an exchange deposit address that only listens on Ethereum, the exchange may not credit it. Always choose the network the receiver explicitly supports.

Major networks

BTC

Bitcoin

Layer 1 · Since 2009
Layer 1Proof of Work

The original and most secure blockchain by hashpower. It keeps functionality deliberately simple and prioritizes security and decentralization.

Native coin
BTC
Address
bc1q…, bc1p…, 3…, 1…
Block time
~10 minutes
Fees
Variable, rise with demand
⚡

Lightning Network

Bitcoin Layer 2
Layer 2Payment channels

A payment-channel network on top of Bitcoin for instant, very cheap BTC payments. It is useful for small and frequent transfers.

Asset
BTC
Format
Invoices lnbc…, Lightning addresses
Fees
Very low
ETH

Ethereum

Layer 1 · Since 2015
Layer 1EVMProof of Stake

The leading smart-contract platform and the settlement layer for most rollups. It has the deepest DeFi liquidity and the widest wallet support.

Native coin
ETH
Address
0x + 40 hex characters
Tokens
ERC-20, ERC-721
Fees
Moderate, vary with demand
BSC

BNB Smart Chain

Layer 1 · Since 2020
Layer 1EVM

An EVM-compatible chain in the Binance ecosystem. It has low fees and a large DeFi and retail user base. It is often listed as "BEP-20" on exchanges.

Native coin
BNB
Address
0x…
Tokens
BEP-20
Fees
Low
SOL

Solana

Layer 1 · Since 2020
Layer 1High throughput

A single fast chain that aims for sub-second confirmations and fractions-of-a-cent fees. It is popular for trading, payments and NFTs.

Native coin
SOL
Address
Base58, 32–44 characters
Tokens
SPL
Fees
Very low
TRX

Tron

Layer 1 · Since 2018
Layer 1DPoS

One of the main networks for moving USDT, especially for exchange transfers. Fees depend on "energy" and "bandwidth", which you get by staking TRX or paying for them.

Native coin
TRX
Address
Starts with T
Tokens
TRC-20
Tip
Keep some TRX for fees
TON

TON (The Open Network)

Layer 1
Layer 1Telegram

A fast, sharded blockchain integrated with Telegram mini-apps and wallets. It hosts a growing USDT market.

Native coin
TON
Address
48 characters, often UQ… / EQ…
Tokens
Jettons
Tip
Add a memo for exchange deposits
XRP

XRP Ledger

Layer 1 · Since 2012
Layer 1Payments

A ledger optimized for payments, with settlement in a few seconds and a built-in decentralized exchange. New accounts must hold a small XRP reserve.

Native coin
XRP
Address
Starts with r
Tip
Exchanges need a destination tag
XLM

Stellar

Layer 1 · Since 2014
Layer 1Payments

A payments network designed for remittances and tokenized currencies, including a native version of USDC.

Native coin
XLM
Address
Starts with G
Tip
Exchanges usually need a memo
POL

Polygon PoS

Ethereum sidechain
ScalingEVM

An EVM chain connected to Ethereum with very low fees. It is widely used for payments, gaming and stablecoin transfers.

Gas token
POL
Address
0x…
Fees
Very low
ARB

Arbitrum One

Ethereum Layer 2 · Optimistic rollup
Layer 2EVM

One of the largest Ethereum rollups by activity. It offers Ethereum-like apps at a fraction of the cost and is strong in DeFi.

Gas token
ETH
Address
0x…
Withdraw to L1
~7 days via native bridge
OP

OP Mainnet

Ethereum Layer 2 · Optimistic rollup
Layer 2EVM

The flagship chain of the Optimism "Superchain", a family of rollups built on the shared OP Stack.

Gas token
ETH
Address
0x…
Withdraw to L1
~7 days via native bridge
BASE

Base

Ethereum Layer 2 · Since 2023
Layer 2EVM

An OP Stack rollup incubated by Coinbase. It has low fees, easy on-ramps from Coinbase and a large consumer-app ecosystem.

Gas token
ETH
Address
0x…
Fees
Very low
ZK

ZKsync Era

Ethereum Layer 2 · ZK rollup
Layer 2Zero-knowledge

A zero-knowledge rollup that proves its transactions to Ethereum with validity proofs. It supports native account abstraction.

Gas token
ETH
Address
0x…
LNA

Linea

Ethereum Layer 2 · ZK rollup
Layer 2zkEVM

A zkEVM rollup developed by Consensys, the company behind MetaMask. It is fully compatible with Ethereum tools.

Gas token
ETH
Address
0x…
STRK

Starknet

Ethereum Layer 2 · ZK rollup
Layer 2Cairo

A validity rollup that uses its own Cairo language instead of the EVM. Every account is a smart-contract account.

Gas token
STRK / ETH
Address
0x + up to 64 hex characters
Wallets
Ready (Argent), Braavos
AVAX

Avalanche C-Chain

Layer 1 · Since 2020
Layer 1EVM

The EVM-compatible contract chain of Avalanche. It has fast finality and is the base for many custom Avalanche L1s.

Native coin
AVAX
Address
0x… (C-Chain)
Fees
Low
ADA

Cardano

Layer 1 · Since 2017
Layer 1eUTXO

A proof-of-stake chain that uses an extended UTXO model and native tokens, which do not need smart contracts to exist.

Native coin
ADA
Address
Starts with addr1
DOT

Polkadot

Layer 0 / Layer 1 · Since 2020
Layer 1Parachains

A relay chain that provides shared security to connected parachains, each optimized for a different purpose.

Native coin
DOT
Address
SS58 format, starts with 1
ATOM

Cosmos

Ecosystem of chains · Since 2019
Layer 1IBC

An "internet of blockchains". Independent chains built with the Cosmos SDK exchange tokens through the IBC protocol.

Native coin
ATOM (Cosmos Hub)
Address
cosmos1… (other chains use their own prefix)
Tip
Exchanges often need a memo
NEAR

NEAR

Layer 1 · Since 2020
Layer 1Sharded

A sharded proof-of-stake network with readable account names and a focus on chain abstraction.

Native coin
NEAR
Address
name.near or 64 hex characters
SUI

Sui

Layer 1 · Since 2023
Layer 1Move

An object-centric blockchain that runs many transactions in parallel and uses the Move language.

Native coin
SUI
Address
0x + 64 hex characters
APT

Aptos

Layer 1 · Since 2022
Layer 1Move

A Move-based chain that uses parallel execution to reach high throughput and low latency.

Native coin
APT
Address
0x + 64 hex characters
LTC

Litecoin

Layer 1 · Since 2011
Layer 1Proof of Work

A Bitcoin-derived chain with faster blocks and low fees. It is often used for payments and moving value between exchanges.

Native coin
LTC
Address
ltc1…, L…, M…
Block time
~2.5 minutes
HBAR

Hedera

Public ledger · Since 2019
Layer 1Hashgraph

An enterprise-oriented public ledger with predictable, very low fees. It is governed by a council of organizations.

Native coin
HBAR
Address
Account ID like 0.0.12345
Tip
Exchanges often need a memo
No networks match your search.

Where can I send USDT? A quick comparison

USDT and USDC exist on many networks. The token is the same, but the network changes the fees, the speed and which wallets can receive it.

NetworkLabel on exchangesTypical fee levelGas you needNotes
TronTRC-20Low to moderateTRX (energy)Very common for exchange transfers
EthereumERC-20HighestETHBest DeFi support, costly for small amounts
BNB Smart ChainBEP-20LowBNBPopular in the Binance ecosystem
SolanaSPLVery lowSOLFast; recipient needs a Solana address
TONTON / JettonVery lowTONIntegrated with Telegram wallets
Arbitrum / Base / PolygonARB / BASE / POLVery lowETH / ETH / POLCheck the exchange supports the exact L2

Checklist before sending on any network

  1. Confirm the network name matches on both the sending and receiving side, not only the token name.
  2. Make sure you hold a little of the gas token (ETH, TRX, SOL, BNB and so on) on that network to pay the fee.
  3. Add the memo / tag if the receiver asks for one (XRP, XLM, TON, ATOM, HBAR deposits to exchanges).
  4. Compare the first and last characters of the address, because clipboard-hijacking malware swaps addresses.
  5. Send a small test first when using a new address or route.
  6. For bridges, use only well-known bridges and understand the withdrawal times.
Note: Fee levels are relative and change with network demand. This page is educational and not a recommendation to use any particular network.